Important Facts about a Hepatitis B Carrier

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an endemic virus that has at one point infected more than 1/3 of the world’s population. HBV is an infectious liver disease that affects humans and all other life forms belonging to the hominoid class. This article will discuss relevant information regarding Hepatitis B carriers. However it is important to note that this discussion is not made for purposes of segregation but information, awareness and proper understanding.

Signs and Symptoms

It depend upon the state or the type of Hepatitis B. The first being acute HBV which shows signs of influenza or general illness such as but not limited to:

•                     Abdominal pains

•                     Dark colored feces

•                     Dark colored urine

•                     dizziness

•                     Fatigue

•                     Fever

•                     Jaundice

•                     Itchy skin

•                     Loss of appetite

•                     Nausea

•                     Vomiting

In most cases these symptoms last for a few weeks then gradually improve. However in some cases symptoms do not even show (asymptomatic). In rare cases severe liver damage may ensue which has been known to cause death.

Chronic HBV can also range from basic flu like symptoms, asymptomatic to extreme life threatening chronic hepatitis. HBV has been known to cause liver cirrhosis in the span of several years. If that is not enough, chronic HBC has also been known to increase then chances of liver cancer (carcinoma).

Outside of the Liver

HBV has been known to affect tissues and organs other than the liver. This is especially true for chronic HBV that has gone untreated for long periods of time. Statistically speaking this occurs 1% to 10% of all HBV infected person. This usually starts with serum-sickness–like syndrome and then progresses to jaundice.

Transmission

HBV infection and transmission is caused by:

1. exposure to infectious blood or body fluids containing blood.
2. Blood transfusion
3. Sexual contact
4. Use of contaminated needles
5. Vertical Transmission from mother to child (MTCT) during childbirth

What this means is that there is a very high chance of acquiring HBV from spouses, sexual partners as well as those who are members of the same household. This can be done thru sexual contact, contact with contaminated articles as well as contact with a broken skin membrane of the infected person.

Prevention of Transmission of Mother to Child

Without proper safeguards the transmission of the HBV to the child is around 20% to 90%. However with the administration of Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) 12 hours from birth, the risk is reduced to 5% to 10%. After which the child is tested 9 months from birth for sufficient HBV antibodies. If the test shows the child is still susceptible another set of 3 doses is administered.  

Hepatitis B Carrier: Spouses/Sexual Partners

The HBV is usually transmitted thru bodily fluid transmission during sexual contact or contact of broken skin membranes, blood. In some cases tears, urine of chronic carriers is also considered as factors. That is why sexual or bodily contact is prohibited if there are skin sores, lesions, during menstruation. And the use of prophylactics is highly advised.

Members of the Household

Blood is the problem here. You need to absolutely ensure that any article tools, etc that may be the cause of transmission of small particles of blood will not occur. This means segregating utensils, clothing, toothbrush, razors, etc. This also means making sure to check for wounds or cuts before physical contact. This is especially true for the hands and lips which are susceptible to cuts and chaffing.

Immunization of Household Members and Children

Management of points of contact is not enough. Proper immunization of household member sand children is a must. It is important to note that immunization is not a one shot deal. Therefore finish the initial dosage as well as the subsequent ones in order to ensure proper immunization.

 Lifestyle Changes

A carrier does not only change or take care of surroundings as well as the people around him or her. A carrier must also make sufficient and profound changes in his or her lifestyle. This included but is not limited to the following:

1. Diet: Any substance that is taxing to the liver or may cause inflammation of the same must be avoided. This means oily foods, sodium rich foods, alcohol and even cigarettes must be avoided. However you need to remember that a healthy immune system also allows you to repair the damage done to your body faster. This means you have to take in foods that are known immune system boosters. Basically, you need to have a balanced and healthy diet. Tip; avoid raw foodstuff or improperly prepared dishes.
2. Talk to your physician: Seek medical advice before ingesting any foodstuff, taking in medication, supplements, vitamins, herbal remedies. Remember any and all medication is metabolized in your liver. Therefore anything taken in that inflames or damages the same is not good for you.
3. Reduce Stress: Your stress level plays an important role in your immune system. Stress can be managed thru proper sleep. Sufficient breaks and proper nutrition. Also avoid over fatiguing yourself as this may cause you unnecessary stress. Talking to friends and family always helps. Remember, sometimes you just need someone to talk to and release all your angers and frustration.
4. Get Updated: Getting regular physician checkups may not be enough. Read thru medical journals regarding research and development on the HBV. And then ask your physician if the same can apply to you. Remember you need to be proactive and have a positive state of mind.
5. Be honest: when consulting with a physician it is good to be upbeat and positive. What is not good is if you avoid telling your physician any discomfort you are feeling (no matter how small) for fear of more tests and bad news. Remember, HBV can be managed but only if any complications are caught at the onset.