The Best Answer to When to Plant Bermuda Grass

Do you know when to plant Bermuda grass?

So you've decided to put in Bermuda grass, you've bought the seeds, you know where you want to plant it, now the only question that remains is when. The thing is, you can't just plant Bermuda grass anytime you want. This is due to the fact that for optimal germination, Bermuda seeds require a soil temperature of above 18 degrees (64.4 F) and below 27 degrees (80.6 F).

These temperatures can be found in most areas at Spring and Summer. So if you're going to put in Bermuda grass, those are the times to do it. Spring and Summer here already? Well, these are the next steps in making sure your Bermuda grass is planted successfully. So just when to plant Bermuda grass?

Let's say you're looking at planting Bermuda grass in around 100 square meters (roughly 1000 square feet). For this amount of land you're going to need around a one and a half kilograms of Bermuda seeds.

Once the Bermuda stands have started appearing however, you may want to add more seeds depending on your personal preference. This amount of seeds, for a lawn, should more than cover it but if it doesn't, don't worry, you can always plant more early on in the season. Another important element in the planting of Bermuda grass is the amount of soil placed on top of the seeds.

This is where you have to be careful. Bermuda seeds do not require much soil cover. Too much will hinder the germinating process. You will want to place only half a centimeter or about a quarter inch of soil over the seeds.

Conversely, too little soil cover will also cause damage so make sure your seeds are covered with at least a third of a centimeter (1/8th inch) of good quality soil. With Bermuda seeds you can use most methods of plantation from traditional hand planting to seed spreaders.

The only other thing you have to watch out for is herbicide use during the first 14 weeks. This is not advisable or recommended and has the potential to halt the germinating process completely. Following these steps and making sure you have planted your seeds when soil temperature is optimal you should be on the way to a great patch of Bermuda grass.

External factors regularly impact plant growth. Although you can take precautions which lessen the risks, nothing can 100% guarantee the successful growth of your Bermuda Grass.

It's Summer/Spring and You've Planted Your Bermuda Grass. What Now?

So you've waited for the right soil temperature, planted the seeds in the correct manner, now what? Well there are a few things you have to do in the first weeks to months of your Bermuda grass planting. Let's begin with watering.

In germination, which occurs in the first three weeks of planting your seeds, it is of utmost importance that the soil around the seeds maintains a consistent level of moisture. This can be done relatively easily through a simple sprinkler system. In this fashion you can ensure that your seeds get the water they need in their important first few weeks.

If your seeds don't seem to be germinating in the first few days, don't worry. Maintain the level of moisture as it can take up to 7 days for the germination process to begin.

On top of this, optimally, you should allow up to three weeks after the seedlings emerge for the entire germination process to conclude. So be patient and remember, this is not a completely rigid science, your seeds may take a little longer than most, just maintain moisture levels and before you know it your Bermuda glass should be apparent.

Around 6-8 weeks after first plantation you should achieve full coverage. Again, this is just an estimate, depending on your circumstances and external factors it may be completed early or later. Keep maintaining the grass and be patient. When the Bermuda grass has achieved full coverage, however, there are a few other things you need to understand and know in order to maintain a healthy patch of grass.

Overview of Bermuda Grass Life Cycle

Stage in Life Cycle.	Time.	Notes.
Germination.	7-10 days up to 14-18 days.	Don’t sweat it. Germination may take up to 3 weeks. As long as you are maintaining soil moisture around the planting sites then you shouldn’t run into too many concerns.
First Mowing.	3 weeks after seeding.	At around 3 weeks after the seeding process your Bermuda grass should be ready for its first mowing. Only remove a third of the leaf in the first mow as not to cause any long lasting damage to the grass.
Establishment.	6-10 weeks after seeding (possibly more).	Roughly 6-10 weeks after planting your bermuda grass should be well established.

Bermuda Grass Maintenance

You've seeded, kept moistened and waited 10 weeks until your Bermuda grass is fully established. Now what? Well, there are a few maintenance aspects that every Bermuda grass owner should be aware of.

Firstly, what about mowing? With Bermuda grass, mowing should be carried out in the spring as soon as the grass turns green. Make sure your mower is set between 1 and 2 inches for common Bermuda grass.

The optimal mowing technique is a higher frequency with lower height. By following these guidelines you should be able to water your Bermuda grass without creating in adverse effects to your lawn. Now that mowing is covered, what about fertilization? Does it need it?

Fertilization is an important element in the growth of most plants and Bermuda grass isn't excluded. The best approach with the planting of any species is to get your soil tested beforehand. What this does is tell you the amount of nutrients already present and the amount of nutrients needed and you can base your fertilizer choice off of this.

If you don't have access to soil testing kits then you should opt for a 3-2-1 ratio fertilizer (nitrogen to phosphorous to potassium). You should be using around half a kilogram or a pound of fertilizer per 100 square meter (1000 square feet) of Bermuda grass every 6-8 weeks depending on the type of fertilizer chosen.

By following these steps you should be able to avoid over or under fertilization for your grass. Watering your grass is also a necessary element of maintenance.

The watering of Bermuda grass should be done on an as-needed basis. You will know when your grass needs watering as it will start to exude certain symptoms. The things to look out for are a dull colour and changes in the leaf structure (if they begin to roll or fold you know the grass needs to be watered).

If you notice these symptoms then watering should be done up to a depth of 15cm or 6 inches. By following these steps, planting in the right time and taking good care of your grasses your Bermuda grass should thrive and provide you with cover for any open space.

How to Care for Air Plants Like the Pros - A Definitive Guide

Air plants differ from regular household plants in that they get most, or all of their moisture from their leaves rather than their root system. This enables you a lot more flexibility with their placement of them throughout your home, apartment or garden.

Air plants are popular as they allow for a fresh take on household plant decoration. They can add an air of sophistication and contemporary design to a space due to their uniqueness but how does one take care of an air plant?

The Basics

The technical name for the genus species that embodies air plants is Tillandsias. Naturally Tillandsias grow throughout America although they can be grown, in the right conditions, anywhere in the world. So what are these conditions? Well, like most plants, there are a few conditions Tillandsias need to be grown in in order to flourish.

One of these is light.

Lighting for Tillandsias can either be artificial or natural. For artificial lighting one would do best to use fluorescent light and place the plant not closer than 6 inches and not further away than 48 inches from the source. You should place them in lighting for around 12 hours a day to achieve the maximum benefit. For natural sunlight, depending on your location, there are a few restrictions.

From April-October and November-March it is best to expose them to light that is bright, but filtered. In the summer months it is advisable to not leave them in direct sunlight as they may become burned.

Tillandsias need light and artificial light and natural both work as long as you make sure your plant isn't suffering any adverse effects by being exposed for too long within the summer months. Tillandsias, depending on humidity, may also require minimal watering.

The amount and quantity of watering you should apply to your Tillandsias is dependent on the humidity of the space within which you grow them. An air plant that is in a home that is hot and dry, for example, should garner more watering than one that is in a cooler and more humid environment.

The base standard, however, is watering 2-3 times a week. Post-watering it is important that you allow enough light and air for the plant to cool in less than 4 hours.

To ensure optimum growth and health of your plants you should also ensure the temperature of the environment in which they are placed is at a constant temperature of 50-90 degrees Fahrenheit. If your plant is placed in an environment in which these conditions are met, you should see the maintenance of the health of your air plants.

Individual results may vary due to the unknown nature of external factors. When growing any plants there always should be the consideration of possible failure.

So, Do I Put my Air Plants in a pot?

As previously stated, air plants, unlike other vegetation, have very little use for their roots, absorbing most of their nutrients and water through their leaves. So what does this mean for the air plant owner? Do they have to put these plants in a regular pot or are there other avenues that one can explore?

The answer to this is that part of what makes air plants so popular is their versatility. You can mount them almost anywhere. But without roots and soils, how do you get them to stick?

One of the ways you can ensure your air plants remain on their prospective mount is to use a non-water soluble glue. Yes, with air plants, once you have decided on a fitting location, you can just glue them on. What about fertilizer though, don't plants require fertilizer in order to remain healthy?

The response is that you don't have to fertilize your air plants, but you can if you want to and it may ensure faster growth and better flowering. So which fertilizer do you use and how do you go about implementing it? With air plants it is recommended you use a water soluble fertilizer at a ¼ strength and apply it once a month.

The fertilizer should also fulfil a few other characteristics if you want to ensure optimum effectiveness. Nitrogen within the product should not be of the form Urea. Phosphorus is good in all amounts and can actually help offset an excess of nitrogen and the same goes with Potassium. There should be no Copper, Boron or Zinc or they should be in very minimal quantities (>0.5%). Once you find a fertilizer that you believe fulfils these categories you can happily fertilize your plants.

Air plants are highly susceptible to over-fertilization. Be careful to ensure you have the right fertilizer and the right amount to ensure plant health.

Damaged or Sick Air Plants, is There Any Hope?

So let's say the worst has happened. You've made a mistake in the upkeep of your Air Plants and they have become sick. Is there any use in trying to remedy the situation? The answer to this depends on whether there is any green left on the plant. If there isn't, then throw it away, but if it is, the plant can still be saved. So how does one go about reviving a sick or damaged air plant?

The first thing you want to do when you notice your plant has become sick is to submerge it in water. This will allow it to recover as long as you keep it in their up to a maximum of twelve hours. Following this process you can re-submerge it for 4 more hours a few days later. Your plant may never repair its leaf damage but more often than not it will recover. You can then use its offspring to try again with a new air plant.

You now have the skills and knowledge to successfully care for an air plant. Not only will they make for a great talking piece at dinner parties or gatherings but they will also add a naturalistic design component to your living space. As long as you follow the necessary steps you should end up with a happy, healthy air plant that should stay with you for many years.

Essential Aspects of Care for Your Plants

Plant Essentials	Amount	Frequency	Notes
Water	Thoroughly Wet.	2-3 times a week (depending on temperature/humidity).	In hotter, drier climates an air plant requires more watering. The plant should be allowed to dry out in no less than 4 hours after watering has occurred.
Fertilizer	¼ the recommended strength.	Once a month (optional).	Although Fertilizing your air plants will make them grow faster and flower better the process is completely optional.
Sunlight	Artificial light (full spectrum preferably fluorescent); Natural light - Bright and filtered in non-summer months.	12 hours a day	Air plants need sunlight and this can be achieved either through artificial or natural light. One must be careful, however, in the summer months that the natural light does not cause sunburn damage to the leaves.

Do you fertilize your air plants?

1. Yes, and I see a noticeable improvement
2. Yes, but it doesn't seem to work
3. No, they seem to grow fine without it

Benefits Of Eucalyptus Oils - Your Ultimate Guide

How The Benefits Of Eucalyptus Oil Were Found
How early did people find how many benefits eucalyptus oil could have? It is commonly held that the early primitive people of Australia were there first to stumble on the wide range of things eucalyptus leaves could do. They were often used to help common illnesses like colds and helped ward off the intensity of fevers.

Fast forward to the late 19th century and there is tons of evidence that suggests that eucalyptus oil was used as a disinfectant to prevent wounds from becoming infected. It was also used to help operations heal. It was later used to sterilize catheters. Almost 50 years after that the US realized that eucalyptus oil could be utilized as an effective insecticide and could prevent ticks from spreading.

Nowadays, eucalyptus oil is used for an even larger number of things and it has become a favorite of many popular herbal treatments.

Benefits of Eucalyptus oil
Just like the surgeons at the turn of the 19th century found, eucalyptus oil is a great antiseptic substance.  Countless studies have shown that is can stop many kinds of bacteria on their tracks. In a world that is extremely conscious of how bacteria-filled the world really is, eucalyptus oil can make us feel a little better about it.

Eucalyptus oil can also help fight against the bacteria that eat away at your teeth. When applied to your gums or on your teeth it can build a protective layer that inhibits the growth of bad dental bacteria.

Caution

Using eucalyptus oil incorrectly can end up making you sick! Despite its many benefits it should not be used on small children and pregnant women.

Stimulating qualities
Eucalyptus oil is also known to help your mind. In its edible essential oil form you can ingest it and quickly feel its stimulating qualities. If you suffer from mental strain and you want a brief respite then taking some Eucalyptus oil can help ease your mind so that you feel more like your old self again.

The oil works by cooling down your overworked brain. If you've ever put some aloe vera on a burn then you will know exactly what this feels like. It is like cool balm being placed on a hot muscle.

If you're starting to feel the effects of exhaustion wearing down your ability to think quickly and efficiently, do not worry. Eucalyptus oil doesn't just make your brain feel better, it can also stimulate it so that you can think more clearly. In this way it can be likened to a warm cup of coffee in the morning except that it is much healthier for you than caffeine.

Improving Mental Activity
Although briefly covered in the last section, the benefits of eucalyptus oil extend to a lot more than just the physical, though the physical certainly contributes to the more abstract.

The reason that eucalyptus oil can help facilitate how smoothly you can processes information is because it sends more blood to your brain. The extra blood gives more oxygen to your brain and that makes it able to run faster.

For this reason, some schools have adopted eucalyptus oil and use as aromatherapy. The smell enters each of the students in the room and soon hits their bloodstream. Their attention is boosted and they can all think clearer and learn more efficiently.

Better Immune System
Like in any disaster, the sooner you mobilize troops or helpers the quicker you will be able to resolve the issue. Getting there as soon as possible allows you to prevent things from getting worse. Eucalyptus extract can get your antibodies where they need to be faster and more efficiently. Studies have verified that eucalyptus extract will allow your immune system to react a lot faster to any threats it encounters.

A more alert immune system will stop illnesses before you even have a chance to feel any big symptoms. They are the unsung heroes of a healthy body because they keep you safe but you never really notice them at work fighting to keep you that way. Using eucalyptus oil gives you a chance to give them a helping hand so that they can in turn help you stay fit and active.

Breathe More Easily
For those experiencing trouble breathing or have any long-term respiratory issues eucalyptus oil can help you. A very popular way to receive many of the benefits of eucalyptus oils is to use something to heat the oil enough so that it becomes a vapor. This vapor can be breathed in naturally and this will allow the oil to reach your lungs.

In your lungs, the oil's antiseptic properties will kick in and it will help fight off any infections or bacteria that is causing you to have problems breathing. The oil will also help clear out any mucus in your nasal passages and can even be used to ease asthma.

Bathe For Health
Another one of the benefits of eucalyptus oil is that it can be used in tons of different forms. We have covered vapor form and edible form but it can also be used with any bath. The oil can mix in with the water and the heat from the hot bath water will turn your bathroom into a mini-sauna or a large vaporizing chamber.

You will get all the respiratory benefits of inhaling the eucalyptus oils and you will also find relief for other unrelated ailments. For example, taking a eucalyptus bath can help you deal with arthritis.

This is because eucalyptus' pain relieving properties can be absorbed by your skin through osmosis and provide immediate relief. If you are taking a bath in order to relieve some sort of painful muscle aches, eucalyptus oil can also work with the heat to loosen up your muscles and make them heal faster.

You can even mix the oil with other blends that may have their own healing properties. Such a combination won't ruin the benefits of eucalyptus oil and will allow you to take advantage of the restorative qualities of the other products that you use.

Attention: Using eucalyptus oil on insect bites will not cure them, it will simply alleviate the pain. If the bites get worse, notify a doctor.

It Makes For Great Lotion Too
You can find eucalyptus oil in many over the counter lotions and creams as well. These creams harness the powerful healing powers of the eucalyptus oil to eliminate ulcers and patch up any small injuries you need to heal quickly.  If you are allergic to insect bites or simply don't want to deal with any of the pain or itchiness associated with them then you should also look for eucalyptus oil based lotion.

The lotion will reduce the swelling and help ease any discomfort associated with the bite. However, if the bite continues to get worse then eucalyptus oil should cease to be used and a doctor should be contacted.

Benefits of Eucalyptus oil	Uses
Antiseptic	Can be inhaled or used on teeth to help fight against some types of bacteria
Relieves pain	Can be inhaled or put on skin to get rid of painful headaches and soothe tired muscles or arthitis.
Stimulant	When inhaled or digested, it can increase blood flow to head and let you think more clearly, reduce mental fatigue
Helps immune system	When taken orally or inhaled it can make your immune system more vigilant and ready to attack intruders

Fruits That Don't Grow On Trees - The Definitive Guide

In Case You Didn't Know, There are Fruits That Don't Grow On Trees - Here's the Definitive Guide
When most people think of fruit, they think of orchards. And when most people think of orchards, they think of trees. But the reality is some of the healthiest and best tasting fruits don't come from trees.

For example, you won't find these "super fruits" in a tree: strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries. Grapes, tomatoes, and watermelons all grow on vines. And even though some people have heard of or even believe in pineapple trees, these succulent fruits actually perch on a plant that more closely resembles a cactus.

So what do all of these non-tree fruits have in common? They're delicious, nutritious, and packed with tons of essential vitamins and minerals.

One of the Most Delicious Fruits That Don't Grow on Trees - Strawberries

The strawberry is considered by many to be one of the most important small fruits grown in North America. They are grown in every state in the United States and every province in Canada. Most strawberries are grown on a farm, but some of the sweetest berries are actually found in the wild.

Strawberry plants are fruits that don't grow on trees and they prefer rich soils, and the richer the soil, the larger the crop. The best strawberries come from areas that are cool and moist climate. They do not do well in warm temperatures. Most plants are planted in the spring for a rich summer crop. However, in some areas, they can be planted in the fall for rich berry taste later in the season.

Strawberries grow close to the ground in groups of three. The fruit starts out as a greenish white color, but matures into a rich red colour when ripe. Once ripen, the white petals of the flower fall off and the tasty fruit begins to grow and ripen.

Unlike most fruits, which carry seeds on the inside, strawberries have seeds on the outside skin. However, strawberries do not use the seeds to reproduce. Instead, the plant sends out slender growths called "runners." They grow out from the main plant and take root in the soil.

Nutritional Information for 1 cup fresh Strawberries

Calories	50
Protein	1.0 g
Fat	0.0 g
Sodium	0.0 mg
Carbs	13 g
Fiber	3.0 g
Vitamin A	0% RDA*
Vitamin C	140% RDA
Calcium	2% RDA
Iron	2% RDA

*(recommended daily allowance)

Raspberries

Raspberries are considered one of nature's super fruits and one of the best fruits that don't grow on trees. They are packed with vitamins, antioxidants and fiber. In fact, raspberries have one of the highest ranking fiber contents of all the plant foods. Fiber accounts for close to 20 percent of the berry's total weight. Raspberries are also an excellent source of vitamin C, manganese and dietary fiber. They are rich in B vitamins, folic acid, copper and iron.

Among all the fruits, the strawberry has one of the highest concentrations of antioxidants strength amongst all fruits. Raspberries are high in ellagic acid, which can stop the growth of cancer cells and actually eliminate the progress of some cancers. They are a delicious berry and have tons of health benefits.

This delicious little berry packs one heck of a healthy and beneficial punch. The oil in raspberries can protect your skin from the sun, which can prevent cancer and help to reduce wrinkles. And because they are so high in fiber, they can help you lose weight. Fiber helps slow down your digestive process, which makes you feel full longer. The trace mineral manganese keeps your metabolism rate high, which helps burn fat.

Raspberry Wrinkle Reducing Mask

• Mix 1 cup of plain yogurt and 2 cups of fresh raspberries.
• Blend the mixture until it becomes completely smooth. 
• Apply the mixture to your face
• Leave on for 15 minutes. 
• Rinse with warm water. 

Nutritional Information for 1 cup fresh Raspberries

Calories	65
Protein	1.5 g
Fat	0.8 g
Sodium	1.2 mg
Carbs	15 g
Fiber	8 g
Vitamin A	0% RDA*
Vitamin C	53% RDA
Calcium	3% RDA
Iron	4% RDA

*(recommended daily allowance)

Blueberries

In the US, blueberries are second only to strawberries in terms of popularity. Their popularity stems not only from the fact that they are a tasty little bite of deliciousness, but also because they have one of the highest antioxidant content among all fruits and vegetables.

Although most people enjoy blueberries in baked dishes, such as pies, pancakes, muffins, and cakes, the raw blueberry provides the best flavor and the greatest nutritional and health benefits.

Blueberries can help you fight off diseases because they are packed with antioxidants. They can also help you lose weight, reduce cholesterol levels, and trim belly fat. The intense blue color in blueberries comes from high levels of anthocyanin, which can help prevent hypertension.

Anthocyanins have also been linked to improved memory function. Blueberries also have high levels of pterostilbene, which has been shown to help fight colon cancer by suppressing colon tumor growth. It also has key anti-inflammatory markers.

Nutritional Information for 1 cup fresh Blueberries

Calories	84
Protein	1.0 g
Fat	0.0 g
Sodium	1.0 mg
Carbs	21 g
Fiber	3.6 g
Vitamin A	2% RDA*
Vitamin C	24% RDA
Calcium	1% RDA
Iron	2% RDA

*(recommended daily allowance)

Blueberries, strawberries and blackberries are true super foods. Naturally sweet and juicy, berries are low in sugar and high in nutrients - they are among the best foods you can eat.

Grapes

Grapes fall into three different categories: table, wine, and raisin. Table grapes are the grapes are eaten as is, usually while fresh; wine grapes are, of course, used in wine; and raisin grapes are used to make dried fruit. The table grapes are usually white or red and include such varieties as Thompson Seedless, Flame, Muscat, Niagara, and Concord.

Grapes are packed full of phytonutrients, which have been liked to longevity. One of the most important phytonutrients is resveratrol, which is found primarily in grape skins. Grapes also have a very low glycemic index, which can lead to a better blood sugar balance and better insulin regulation.

Nutritional Information for 3/4 cup fresh Grapes

Calories	90
Protein	0.0 g
Fat	0.0 g
Sodium	15.0 mg
Carbs	23 g
Fiber	1.0 g
Vitamin A	0% RDA*
Vitamin C	2% RDA
Calcium	2% RDA
Iron	0% RDA

*(recommended daily allowance)

Watermelons

Watermelons are a sweet, refreshing summer-time favorite. But they are also a great source of phytonutrients. Like tomatoes, they are high in lycopene, which is very important for cardiovascular health. It is also believed that lycopene is important for bone health. Watermelon also contains high amounts of citrulline, which, once absorbed into the human body, converts intoarginine. Arginine can help improve blood flow and may actually help prevent excess accumulation of fat.

But when eating watermelons, keep this in mind: some of the best nutrients don't come from the red fleshy part; they come from the light-colored flesh found on the rind. In fact, while all parts of the watermelon contain antioxidants, flavonoids, lycopene, and vitamin C, it has been shown that the highest concentrations of those nutrients are found in that light-colored flesh. The ripeness of the fruit is also important when it comes to the concentration of such nutrients as lycopene. The redder the fruit, the higher the concentration of lycopene.

Nutritional Information for 1 cup fresh Watermelon

Calories	46
Protein	0.9 g
Fat	0.2 g
Sodium	1.5 mg
Carbs	11 g
Fiber	0.6 g
Vitamin A	17% RDA*
Vitamin C	20% RDA
Calcium	1% RDA
Iron	2% RDA

*(recommended daily allowance)

Tomatoes

There are hundreds of different tomato varieties, but some varieties have much higher nutrient levels than others. Though most people choose tomatoes based on flavor and appearance, it's also important to take a tomato's antioxidant capacity into consideration. Most tomatoes are an excellent source of antioxidants, but the New Girl, Jet Star, Fantastic, and First Lady varieties seem to have higher than average levels.

Tomatoes are an important factor in heart health. Studies have shown that fresh tomatoes can help to lower cholesterol and triglycerides. Tomatoes are also an excellent source of lycopene, which has been linked to bone health.

Nutritional Information for 100 grams fresh Tomato

Calories	18
Protein	0.9 g
Fat	0.2 g
Sodium	5.0 mg
Carbs	3.9 g
Fiber	1.2 g
Vitamin A	16% RDA*
Vitamin C	22% RDA
Calcium	1% RDA
Iron	1% RDA

*(recommended daily allowance)

Pineapple

Pineapple, orananas fruit, is actually made up of several different fruits that develop when they are fused together around the central core. Each fruitlet can be identified by an "eye," the rough spiny marking on the pineapple's surface.

Fresh pineapple is low in calories, but still contains a lot of minerals and vitamins that contribute to a healthy body. The fruit contains bromelain, which helps digestion and protein absorption. Bromelain also has anti-inflammatory, anti-clotting and anti-cancer properties. Pineapple is also an excellent source of Vitamin C, which helps maintain the integrity of blood vessels, skin, organs, and bones.

Nutritional Information for 1 cup fresh Pineapple

Calories	82
Protein	0.9 g
Fat	0.2 g
Sodium	1.7 mg
Carbs	22 g
Fiber	2.3 g
Vitamin A	1% RDA*
Vitamin C	131% RDA
Calcium	2% RDA
Iron	2% RDA

*(recommended daily allowance)

Using Bonide Fruit Tree Spray - How the Pros Do it

What Is It

Bonide Fruit Tree Spray is protect roses, apples, cherries, strawberries, grapes, peaches, flowers and ornamental evergreens from harmful insects and diseases. It is concentrated and does not need to be premixed. You simply mix it with water prior to use.

Its main ingredients are captan, malathon and carbaryl. These ingredients protect the trees by killing and repelling insects and diseases that ruin plants that are used for food or decorative plants. Although it is safe to use on edible plants, because it is not organic it should not be used within 14 to 21 days of harvest time.

Although Bonide Fruit Tree Spray is considered safe for humans and pets once it has dried, people and animals should stay out of the area when it is sprayed. Precautions should be taken to ensure that the spray does not come into contact with skin or eyes. You should also be sure not to inhale or ingest Bonide Fruit Tree Spray.

Warning! Bonide can cause temporary eye injury and skin irritation.

What Pests and Diseases Does Bonide Fruit Tree Spray Protect Against?

Bonide Fruit Tree Spray can be used to protect against apple maggots, coddling moths, leafhoppers, Japanese beetles and several other insects that feed on apples. It also protects apple trees against Botryosphaeria (or white rot), bullseye rot, cedar rust, Brooks fruit spot, quince rust, scab and other diseases. The spray protects cherry trees against plum curculios, cherry fruit flies, black cherry aphids, cherry fruit worms and other insects as well as brown blossom rot, blossom blight, fruit rot and cherry leaf spot.

Bonide protects grapes, peaches and strawberries from various insects such as strawberry weevils, spider mites and aphids as well as mildew, rot, scabs and blights that make the fruit inedible. It also protects flowers from insects, worms, and diseases that cause black spots to form on the blooms.

Bonide Fruit Tree Spray is not for use on pear trees, nut trees, plum or any other fruit tree not specified on the label. It is also not for use on citrus trees. The company has a separate product--Bonide Citrus, Fruit and Nut Orchard Spray--for these trees.

How to Use Bonide Fruit Tree Spray to Protect Your Trees

Bonide Fruit Tree Spray is concentrated and should be mixed with water prior to use. Because the ingredients may settle, it is important to shake the spray before mixing as well as in the sprayer periodically during use. The spray should only be applied using hand held sprayers or hose end garden sprayers. Though the instructions state that the product can be used up to four times a year depending on the tree, the EPA regulates its use to only twice a year. It is important to read the instructions carefully to decide when the spray would most benefit your orchard.

The amount of fruit spray used to protect your trees and flowers depends on what type they are and the stage of growth . For example, trees at the green tip stage require one and a half tablespoons of Bonide per gallon of water. At the pre-bloom stage, you need to use two and a half tablespoons per gallon of water. The company recommends that you avoid using the product while the plants are blooming as it can be harmful to bees and other insects that pollinate flowers.

For strawberries, use two and a half tablespoons per gallon of water and spray no more than three quarts of the mixture per 100 square feet of strawberries. For ornamental evergreens, roses and other flowers, use one and one half tablespoons per mixture. Roses should be sprayed at the first sign of insects or diseases and then at later maintenance intervals to keep your plants from getting ruined.

Do not spray your plants if the weather report forecasts rain soon after your planned application. Make sure that you use the fruit spray during times when the air is still and it is not windy. Early mornings or evenings usually work best. Wait 14 to 21 days after treating edible plants before harvesting them--eating fruit and vegetables sooner than that after spraying with Bonide Fruit Tree Spray is not recommended.

If you wish to add beneficial insects to your orchard, like ladybugs, or expect bees to make a visit, make sure to spray your trees at least a month before their expected arrival. Bonide Fruit Tree Spray is harmful to these insects as well as other insects, and will kill them before they have done their job.

Warning: Proper protective clothing is needed when using this product. Wear long sleeves, coveralls and goggles as well as chemical resistant shoes and gloves while spraying Bonide Fruit Tree Spray.

Bonide Fruit Spray Safety Information

Bonide Fruit Tree Spray is only for use in your home orchard or garden. It is not labeled for fruit or flowers that are grown for commercial purposes. For safety purposes, it is important to use this product as directed. Any use outside of the guidelines presented on the label may be in violation of federal law.

In order to avoid contaminating ground water, it is important to use and dispose of the product properly. Do not use when wind or rain might carry the product outside of the treated area. Also, make sure that it is not allowed to run off into storm drains, gutters or drainage ditches as it is harmful to aquatic invertebrates.

Before you remove your gloves, wash the outside of them to avoid getting the product on your hands. Take off clothing and other protective equipment soon after using the product. Make sure that you wash your hands before eating, drinking or using the toilet.

If the fruit spray gets on your skin, rinse it off immediately and call a doctor or poison control center for advice on further treatment. If it gets in your eyes, hold them open and rinse for 15 minutes before calling poison control for further advice. Do not induce vomiting if swallowed because it can cause damage to the mucus membranes in the stomach. Instead, call poison control immediately and follow all instructions as given.If the product is inhaled, go where you can breathe fresh air and if possible, call 911.

Spray Chart

Fruit	Green Tip	Pre Bloom	Full Pink	Petal Fall	1st Cover	2nd Cover	Notes
Apple	1 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	Do not use more than twice a year or within 14 days of harvest
Cherry	1 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	Do not use more than 4 times a year or within 14 days of harvest
Grape	1 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	Do not use more than twice a year or within 14 days of harvest
Peach	1 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	1 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	2 1/2 tbs. Per gallon of water	Do not use more than 3 times a year or within 14 days of harvest

What other insecticides or disease fighting sprays do you use on your orchard?

1. Hi Yield Lime Sulfur Spray
2. Neem oil
3. Bonide Citrus, Fruit and Nut Orchard Spray
4. Bonide Total Pest Control
5. Other organic or non-organic pest control product

Best Way To Germinate Seeds - Learn How the Pros Do It

The Best Way to Germinate Seeds - It's Easy as 1,2,3

Beginning gardeners often want to know what is the best way to germinate seeds. Of course, most of the time this will depend on the type of seeds that you are planting. Other factors that influence seed germination include moisture, salt content in the soil or starting medium that you will use and heat.

For vegetable plants that require a long growing season and that can handle transplanting without having to worry about root damage, indoor germination is ideal. Plants that handle indoor germination well include tomatoes, brussel sprouts, cauliflower and peppers. None of these plants require light to trigger germination.

Vegetables that need to germinate in the same place where they will grow are better when left to germinate outdoors. These plants include turnips, lettuce and radishes. Because they have delicate root systems, lettuce can get damaged by being transplanted. Turnips and radishes, because they are grown specifically for their roots, should also not be transplanted.

For best results, use seeds that are less than two years old. Make sure that you buy them from a reputable seller who will not sell old seeds.

Because there is a chance that you might have seeds that are too old or for other reasons are not viable, before you attempt to germinate your seeds, you might want to try a test sample. To do this, place 100 seeds between two layers of wet paper towels. Roll the paper towels into a tight cylinder and store in a plastic bag to maintain moisture levels.

Leave the seeds alone for the length of time specified on the pack for germination, then check them to see how many have sprouted. The number of seeds that sprout will give you an idea of the percentage of seeds that you can expect to germinate in your garden. For example, if 50 of the seeds germinate in the test sample, then you can expect a 50 percent rate of germination when you plant the rest.

Methods of Germinating Seeds

The first thing you need to germinate seeds is a growing medium. For the purpose of starting plants, potting soil is not recommended as it contains too many nutrients. You can use paper towels, as you would when testing seed viability. However, you would then need to move the seeds to another medium once they have begun to sprout.

There are simple, inexpensive materials that you can use to make a growing medium. These materials are usually at your local gardening supply store. A 1:1:1 ratio mixture of vermiculite, milled sphagum moss and perlite is usually sufficient for this task. These materials are best because they are known for being able to hold moisture while discouraging fungal infections and allowing enough air to flow through.

Once you have chosen your growing medium to start your plants, you have to decide on a container to use. For plants that you will be starting indoors, a plastic container about two to three inches deep and wide enough for the number of seeds that you will be planting is sufficient.

Some people like to use an egg carton or wooden box while others prefer plastic containers (like Tupperware) for this. In any case, you should be able to cut holes in the bottom of the container for drainage and it needs to be something that can maintain the moisture level of your growing medium.

Caution: Do not soak your soil-less growing mixture in water before planting your seeds. 

Place the growing medium in the containers that you will be using and sprinkle water on top to dampen it. Because oxygen is important to the process of growing seedlings, be careful not to over-water them or plant the seeds too deeply. Otherwise, the seeds will rot instead of growing.

Check the instructions on the seed packet to see what depth they need to be placed in to best facilitate sprouting. Then plant the seeds and cover them to maintain moisture level. The cover should be removed as soon as the sprouts begin to appear in order to prevent a fungal infection.

The best way to germinate seeds in containers is to place them in a warm area that is well lit, but not with sunlight. Keep them out of sunlight unless the packet says otherwise.

Seeds that are started indoors need to be transplanted as soon as two leaves begin to appear on the sprouts. Make sure that they are placed in an area where they will receive the proper amount of sunlight and are placed in the proper kind of soil.

More Information On Germinating Seeds

Some people prefer to grow plants from seedlings, but starting plants from seeds at home is an easy and less expensive way to begin growing your own garden. It takes a little more time and patience, but it is worth it in the end.

When you are working with multiple types of seeds, it is important to label your containers so that you know what you have planted.

Make sure that you keep your seed packets for reference as they have useful information about when and how to start your plants, how much water, sunlight and soil they need and how long they take to germinate. This will save you the trouble of having to look this information up or trying to guess at it.

After a couple of weeks, your seedlings will need fertilizing as the soil-less mix does not have the nutrients that they need to continue growing. They will also need a little water. Using a squirt bottle, like those used to hold dishwashing liquid, will help you control the amount of water and fertilizer you will use. This will help you make less of a mess. As always, make sure that you are not using too much water as this will not help your plants to sprout.

For plants that need to be germinated outdoors, the soil needs to be loosened up before planting the seeds. Soil that is too tight will prevent the seedlings from sprouting and pushing through.

If you plant the seeds too deeply, this might also prevent germination. It is important to read the instructions on the packet to see how deep the seeds need to be planted.

What kind of containers do you prefer for germinating seeds?

1. Store bought seed trays
2. Plastic containers 
3. Plastic zipper bags
4. Egg cartons
5. Wooden boxes
6. Other homemade or store bought containers

Step	How To Complete	Notes
Prepare the growing medium	Dampen paper towels or place mixture in container	Do not soak your growing medium
Place the seeds in soil-less mixture	Make sure that seeds are placed at the correct depth.	Seeds that are planted too deep will rot instead of germinating; also, make sure that you plant seeds in a loose material that will discourage fungi and bacteria from forming.
Put containers where it is warm.	Find an area that is 75 degrees or more, and has the proper amount of light.	Direct sunlight is not recommended for seedlings. Read the seed packets to see how much light they need.
Cover seed containers.	Use plastic wrap or newspaper to cover seeds planted indoors. Use a special cloth for plants started outdoors.	Covering will help maintain moisture; remove cover once seeds begin to sprout.
Transplant seedlings started indoors.	Place them in the correct soil and make sure that they will have enough sunlight.	Seedlings should be transplanted once you see two true leaves begin to form.

The Best Fertilizer For Tomatoes - Helping You Make The Best Choice, Easily

Choosing the Best Fertilizer for Tomatoes

Tomatoes grown in a garden at home are often more flavorful than those that you find at the stores. If you are new to gardening, you might have a lot of questions about growing tomatoes, including what is the best fertilizer for tomatoes? There are several that you can choose from, and each of them have both benefits and drawbacks when it comes to using them.

Before you choose a fertilizer for your tomatoes, it is important to test your soil to see what nutrients it might be lacking in. If your garden’s soil does not have enough phosphorus or potassium, then you will need to add a complete fertilizer to your garden while you are tilling the ground to get it ready for your seeds.

Ground that already has the right balance of these nutrients would benefit from a periodic addition of fertilizer as your tomatoes grow to keep the ground fertile even while your plants draw nutrients from the soil.

Once you see what nutrients are missing from your soil, you need to make sure that the fertilizer you choose does not have a lot of nitrogen. Nitrogen in your fertilizer will encourage the growth of stems and leaves but not of flowers and fruit. Too much nitrogen can even cause the flowers of your tomato plant to fall off of their stems before they can even produce any fruit.

Caution: Using too much fertilizer or the wrong kind of fertilizer can cause your tomato plants to become damaged or even die. 

Fertilizing Tomatoes Throughout Their Growth Cycle

Tomatoes have different nutrient needs throughout their growth, so they may require different types of fertilizer. Before you start choosing a fertilizer, it is important to understand the way fertilizers are rated. The NPK--or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium--ratings tell you how much of each element the fertilizer contains.

This is important because you want to make sure that you balance your soil out with the nutrients that it is missing without overdoing the ones that are already present. The best kind of fertilizer for tomatoes at each stage of growth will replace needed nutrients to promote the growth of fruit.

When you are getting ready to plant your tomatoes, it is important to supplement your soil with a fertilizer rich in phosphorus. This will help to encourage good, strong root growth for your tomatoes. As with most plants, the root system is important for delivering nutrients to the rest of the plant and for keeping the plant stable as it grows.

Established tomato plants need fertilizer with a good source of potassium. This will help to encourage growth and help the tomato to establish fruit. Wood ashes from a fireplace are a good source of potassium for tomatoes.

While nitrogen is important for tomato growth, most of the time it does not need to be the main component in your fertilizer. It will promote the growth of the foliage around your tomatoes, but not of the fruit itself.

Warning: Do not use ammonia based fertilizers on your tomatoes. These fertilizers are thought to be among the causes of a serious tomato disease called blossom end rot.

Fertilizer Recommendations For Healthy Tomato Plants

Before you plant your tomatoes, the soil needs to be prepared with a combination of well balanced fertilizer. Unless your soil is heavier in one nutrient than in the others, an 8-8-8 combination (that is, one with equal amounts of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus by weight) is ideal.

Throughout the growth of your tomatoes, organic compost is the best fertilizer for tomatoes. You can mix compost three or six inches into the soil with a garden fork or hoe. It is not necessary to mix fertilizer any deeper than that as your tomatoes roots will not go any deeper than that.

You can continue using compost as a side dressing throughout the growing season. Just be sure to keep it at least four to six inches away from the stem of the plant in order to prevent fertilizer burn.

The best time to reapply fertilizer to your tomatoes is when the first fruits are still green and have reached about one third of their full size. You should also reapply fertilizer after you harvest your tomatoes. If you do not use compost as your main fertilizer, make sure that your fertilizer contains enough potassium to encourage your fruit to continue strong growth.

Different climates may require different levels of nutrients for growing tomatoes. Tomatoes in a cooler climate may need a fertilizer with a heavier phosphorus content than a fertilizer that might be used in a warmer climate. So, when preparing the soil, it may be helpful to substitute a 10-52-17 blend of fertilizer for the 8-8-8 mix.

The best fertilizer for tomatoes will help to promote healthy growth throughout the season. Adding the right amounts of fertilizer to the soil while your tomatoes grow is a vital part of keeping both the soil and your plants healthy. Compost is highly recommended as a fertilizer because it has the right combination of nutrients to promote good soil health. It also provides microbes that are beneficial to your plant which will help it fight off diseases.

Caution: Improper use of fertilizer can leave your tomato plants more susceptible to insect infestations and disease. Make sure that you are applying the right fertilizer at the right times for your plants.

Other Tomato Growing Tips

Proper watering is another important part of growing tomatoes. Tomatoes that do not receive adequate water throughout their growth can end up with cracks from going through periods of dryness followed by rushed, large quantities of water. While many people water their gardens with a quick, daily sprinkle, for tomatoes it is a better idea to water them deeply twice a week (unless it rains).

Blossom end rot is another problem linked to uneven watering. It is a sign that the tomatoes have gone through days when the soil is too dry followed by times when the soil is overwatered, which led to calcium deficiencies. Most fertilizers for tomatoes have calcium, but it is also important to make sure that you water your plants properly to help them use this calcium.

If your plants develop a disease that leads to wilting or yellow leaves, it is important to remove these plants from your garden so that they do not infect the other plants. Make sure that you put them in the landscape trash instead of the compost pile so that they do not end up getting recycled into soil that will hold good plants.

You should also not reuse any potting soil that once held a diseased tomato plant. Making sure not to overwater your plants can prevent fungus related diseases. Fungicides can also help with prevention, but will not kill an active fungal infection.

Tomato Fertilizing Chart

Fertilizer type	When to Use	Notes
Compost	Throughout the growing season	Compost can be used to prepare the soil and also as a side dressing throughout the season. Be sure to keep side dressing away from the stems to prevent fertilizer burn.
Store bought fertilizer	Before planting and when the fruits begin to appear; also after you harvest the crop.	Make sure that your fertilizer has the right balance of nutrients for your soil; nitrogen heavy fertilizers will not promote fruit growth.
Ammonia based fertilizer	Never	Ammonia based fertilizers have been linked to blossom end rot in tomatoes and should be avoided.